The Collector's Guide to Buddhist Sculpture

A rare gilt-bronze figure of Kapaladhara Hevajra, China, Ming Dynasty, 15th century. 8 in (20.3 cm). Estimate: $150,000-$250,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

Buddhist sculptures, with their origins dating back to the 1st century AD in North India and regions extending to Afghanistan and Japan, represent an invaluable artistic tradition. Over the centuries, these sculptures have evolved into a diverse array of styles and materials, making them highly sought-after collectibles. In this guide, we will delve into the world of collecting Buddhist sculptures, exploring their history, materials, and factors that determine their value.

• Understanding the Historical Context

The journey of collecting Buddhist sculptures begins with understanding their historical significance. These sculptures depict the Buddha and various Buddhist deities who played a pivotal role in the spread of Buddhism. The Buddha, an enlightened being who lived in India between the 6th and 5th centuries BC, inspired a rich artistic tradition spanning cultures from Afghanistan to Japan.

A grey schist figure of bodhisattva, ancient region of Ganghara, 3rd-4th century. 24½ in (62.2 cm). Estimate: $50,000-$70,000.

Offered in Arts of India on 13-27 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

A gilt-bronze figure of Vajrasattva, Nepal, Khasa Malla Kingdom, 13th-14th century. 5 in (12.7 cm). Estimate: $10,000-$15,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• Diverse Materials and Styles

Buddhist sculptures come in a variety of materials, including stone, stucco, terracotta, wood, lacquer, bronze, gold, and silver. Different regions and time periods favored specific materials. For instance, the ancient region of Gandhara in Afghanistan and Pakistan preferred the sculptural flexibility of stucco, while medieval Nepalese artisans excelled in bronze casting.

• The Allure of Gilt-Bronzes

Today, gilt-bronze sculptures are among the most sought-after in the market. Certain historical periods are particularly attractive to collectors. Notable examples include early Ming dynasty works, 15th-century Tibetan gilt-bronzes, Nepalese sculptures from the Licchavi and Malla periods, and early Qing dynasty pieces, all commanding high prices.

• Becoming a Knowledgeable Collector

To distinguish between cultures, styles, and historical periods, collectors are encouraged to view as many examples of Buddhist sculpture as possible. Museums like the Rubin Museum of Art in New York offer valuable insights into Himalayan, Indian, and neighboring cultures. Additionally, reference books like Ulrich von Schroeder's "Indo-Tibetan Bronzes" and "Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet" provide in-depth knowledge and can be found online or at auctions.

• The Value of Quality

While market trends may fluctuate, quality remains a constant determinant of value. A high-quality Buddhist sculpture is defined by its stylistic modeling, rarity, and the skill of the artist. Investing in the highest quality work within your budget is a sound strategy for collectors.

A rare gilt-bronze of Avadhutipa, Tibet, 17th century. 5½ in (14 cm). Estimate: $25,000-$35,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• The Importance of In-Person Inspection

Judging a sculpture solely based on photographs is a risky practice. Handling the physical work allows collectors to assess its weight, texture, and even scent. Some experts claim that newly-made bronzes emit a distinctive odor. Developing a keen eye through in-person examination helps identify authenticity and quality.

• Exploring the Hidden Aspects

The back and underside of a sculpture can reveal crucial information. Forgers often rely on published references that showcase only the front of a sculpture. Consequently, they may overlook details such as drapery, jewelry, and proper finishing. Collectors should pay close attention to these aspects as they are challenging to replicate.

A gilt-bronze of Vajradhara, Tibet, 14th-15th century. 9⅛ in (23.2 cm). Estimate: $20,000-$30,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• The Significance of Inscriptions

Some sculptures bear inscriptions indicating their historical context, such as the reign of a specific emperor or the lifetime of a Tibetan lama. These inscribed works are highly valuable and provide insights into the lives of their worshippers.

A very rare small iron figure of Akashagarbha, Northeastern India, 10th century. 3¼ in (8.3 cm). Estimate: $6,000-$8,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• Appreciating the Art Beyond Religion

Collecting Buddhist sculptures transcends religious boundaries. While some collectors are drawn to the religious aspects, others appreciate the rich history of over 2,000 years of Buddhist art. These sculptures offer a unique opportunity to explore ideology, iconography, and universal themes.

A small bronze figure of Padmapani, Northeastern India, Pala period, 11th century. 2¾ in (7 cm). Estimate: $40,000-$60,000.

Offered in Arts of India on 13-27 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• Condition Matters

Condition plays a vital role in a sculpture's value. Given the age of many Buddhist sculptures, restoration is common. However, the quality of restoration varies, and collectors should consult specialists to assess its impact on a sculpture's value.

A rare gilt and silvered bronze figure of Shadakshari Lokeshvara, Central Tibet, style of Sonam Gyaltsen Atelier, 15th-16th century. 7 ½ in (19.1 cm). Estimate: $12,000-$18,000. Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• Following the Provenance

Collectors should prioritize sculptures with well-documented provenance. A rich history can authenticate a piece and enhance its value. Works from prestigious collections or those published by renowned scholars often undergo rigorous vetting.

A rare bronze figure of buddha Shakyamuni, Kashmir, 9th century. 6⅞ in (17.5 cm). Estimate: $8,000-$12,000.

Offered in The Moke Mokotoff Collection on 13-26 September 2023. © Christie’s 2023

• Navigating International Laws

Buddhist sculptures may be subject to international laws that restrict their sale outside their country of origin. Familiarity with these laws, such as the bilateral agreements between the US and China, is crucial to ensure the integrity and value of your collection.

In conclusion, collecting Buddhist sculptures is a rewarding and enlightening endeavor. By delving into their history, materials, and the intricacies of quality, collectors can build a valuable and culturally enriching collection. Whether for religious or artistic appreciation, these sculptures offer a timeless connection to the profound teachings of Buddhism and the artistry of the past.